What is the Hemoglobin electrophoresis test used for? Value. The hemoglobin electrophoresis is usually normal in adults with alpha thalassemia trait. dog hair dander allergen. PTH SST 2d Test Name Alt Spec Add- on Salicylate N/A 1d Blood Bank None 3d Sodium None 7d Adenovirus PCR, Plasma Lav EDTA 3d RED NO GEL Theophylline None 7d Ammonia + None 3hrs Test Name Alt Spec Add- on Tobramycin None 2d BK Virus PCR, Plasma Lav EDTA 3d Ethanol GC None 7d Transferrin None 7d BNP Lav EDTA 3d In other forms of sickle-cell disease, Hb levels tend to be higher. Evaluation of a suspected hemoglobinopathy should include electrophoresis of a hemolysate to detect abnormal hemoglobins and quantification of HbA2 and HbF with column chromatography. Chorionic villus sampling using polymerase chain reaction technology to detect point mutations or deletions can identify infants affected with beta thalassemia. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. If one parent has hemoglobin C trait and the other parent has normal hemoglobin, there is a 50 percent (1 in 2) chance with each pregnancy of having a child who has hemoglobin C trait. Yashoda Hospitals. There are several options for treating thalassemia and other hemoglobin disorders. Hemoglobin electrophoresis is used as a screening test to identify normal and abnormal hemoglobins and assess their quantity. A too low value of hemoglobin A2 - associated with low MCV and low MCH - with normal values of iron and ferritin, should lead to suspect a variant of hemoglobin. Chui DHK SM. Sickle cell can be diagnosed by a blood test. Gainesville (FL): University of Florida Health; c2020. Contact a health care provider if you have questions about your health. Liver function tests are blood tests used to help diagnose and monitor liver disease or damage. Healthcare providers compare the test results with results from a normal hemoglobin sample. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. People with low or abnormal hemoglobin are not able to carry enough oxygen to the organs and can lead to lethargy, jaundice, etc. 2023. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. To know more about the cost and other details about the hemoglobin electrophoresis test, contact our specialists from Yashoda Hospital and get a free second opinion from our experts. Whether both defective genes are on the same or different chromosomes will alter the outcome (Online Figure B). Here is information about ways providers obtain blood samples. Persons with thalassemia should be referred for preconception genetic counseling, and persons with alpha thalassemia trait should consider chorionic villus sampling to diagnose infants with hemoglobin Bart's, which increases the risk of toxemia and postpartum bleeding. Serum iron, total iron-binding capacity, and transferrin saturation are rarely needed. Your doctor may use it to diagnose or monitor hemolytic, Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to the rest of your body. Higher levels of this protein can occur during gestation as well, especially as a result of: Based on the fact that high levels of hemoglobin can be indicators of many underlying health problems, only a professional can determine the cause and recommend the proper treatment. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Hemoglobin electrophoresis alone is not adequate for diagnosing thalassemia. Alpha thalassemia intermedia, or HbH disease, causes hemolysis and severe anemia. In the laboratory, a process called electrophoresis passes an electrical current through the hemoglobin in your blood sample. Haemoglobin F. HbS is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with sickle cell anemia andHbC is an abnormal form of hemoglobin associated with hemolytic anemia. Available from: Lab Tests Online [Internet]. In this study, we established the normal ranges of haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) and haemoglobin F (HbF) levels for normal individuals using this system and also the HbA2 level in beta thalassaemia and haemoglobin E (HbE) individuals. This is because the volume of blood has to increase up to 50%in order for a body to provide the baby with all necessary nutrients. Hemoglobin is a protein present inside the red blood cells that functions to transport oxygen to the tissues and organs of the body. You usually need to go to a lab to have your blood drawn. Eric B Staros, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Medical Association, American Society for Clinical Pathology, Association for Molecular Pathology, College of American PathologistsDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. High hemoglobin in pregnancy The electrophoresis results will then show the types of hemoglobin present and the levels of each type. May 1989;83(5 Pt 2):839-842: Robinson AR, Robson M, Harrison AP, Zuelzer WW. Debra Sullivan, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., CNE, COI, Iron Deficiency Anemia Wont Stop Dancing With the Stars Carrie Inaba, Eosinophil Count: What It Is and What It Means, Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, hemoglobin C disease, a genetic disorder that leads to severe anemia, rare hemoglobinopathy, a group of genetic disorders causing the abnormal production or structure of red blood cells. Splenomegaly can worsen the anemia and occasionally cause neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The lab technician may also perform a test known as hemoglobin electrophoresis. In: Hoffman R BJE, Shattil SJ, Furie B, Silberstein LE, McGlave P, Heslop HE, ed. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". What is a hemoglobin electrophoresis test? High pressure liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry are advantageously integrated into a two-levels approach to detection and identification of haemoglobin variants. A patient has target cells and a positive tube solubility test. Clinical and laboratory haematology. Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. However, neither the type of education nor the duration of therapy can be specified based on current evidence.24, Folic acid deficiency has been reported in thalassemia major and intermedia as a result of increased erythropoiesis. Ferritin levels less than 2,500 ng per mL (2,500 mcg per L) are associated with improved survival.22 However, ferritin levels are unreliable when liver disease is present.23. Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis by HPLC test measures and identifies different types of hemoglobin in the blood. There are two options for how the blood sample is tested: Hemoglobin electrophoresisThis is a test that looks at the different types of hemoglobin in your blood. Each lab has a different range for what's normal. There are usually two genes, but if there is only one gene for HgS and the other is HgA then the person is a carrier, but if there are two of the HgC or HgS genes or one is HgS and the other is HgC then the person has the actual condition. Transfusion dependence is uncommon. Let's see what it consists of and what it is used for. Washington D.C.: American Association for Clinical Chemistry; c20012020. Laboratory Diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias. Thalassemia, a condition that affects the production of hemoglobin. By approximately six months of age, healthy infants will have transitioned to mostly HbA, a small amount of HbA2, and negligible HbF. There are some normal and some abnormal hemoglobin types in human body, and if the abnormal hemoglobin exceeds the amount of normal hemoglobin, this will result in a blood disorder. 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, (https://www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics). Deficient production is usually caused by a deletion of one or more of these genes. URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/hemoglobin-electrophoresis/. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently approved oral deferasirox (Exjade) as an alternative treatment.17 Adverse effects of deferasirox were transient and gastrointestinal in nature, and no cases of agranulocytosis were reported. Anemia of chronic disease is most often a normocytic normochromic mild anemia. Method: Electrophoresis of a lysate of washed red cells; haemoglobins identified by mobility. http://www.accessmedicine.com.ezp.slu.edu/popup.aspx?aID=3136780&searchStr=hemoglobin%20electrophoresis, Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow. Coming to a Cleveland Clinic location?Hillcrest Cancer Center check-in changesCole Eye entrance closingVisitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information, Notice of Intelligent Business Solutions data eventLearn more. Hemoglobin type levels are a way of evaluating hemoglobin, a protein in your red blood cells. Patient information: See related handout on thalassemia, written by the authors of this article. If you log out, you will be required to enter your username and password the next time you visit. Our blood contains a protein called Hemoglobin or Hgb. Cleveland (OH): Cleveland Clinic; c2020. dystrophin test Front Physiol [Internet] 2020 May 20 [cited 2021 Aug 11];11:435. Hemoglobin electrophoresis analyzes the different types of hemoglobin in your red blood cells. Normal Hgb levels also depend on the age of a person. A normal Hgb electrophoresis test result will have: Any fluctuations from the normal range or presence of abnormal hemoglobin can indicate a blood disorder of varying degrees. This is the most common type of hemoglobin found normally in adults. There is very little risk to having a blood test. Transfusion-dependent patients develop iron overload because they have no physiologic process to remove excess iron from multiple transfusions. Various seeds such as flax seeds and sunflower seeds should also be a part of your diet as they are rich in folate too. Hemoglobin Electrophoresis. If you have questions about your results, talk to your health care provider. Hemoglobin is a tetramer with two pairs of globin chains, each containing an identical heme group. Sideroblastic anemia can be excluded with an examination of the peripheral smear or the bone marrow aspirate. Blood from healthy newborns typically shows 20-30% Hb A, 70-80% hemoglobin F (22), and no Hb A2. A ratio of 13 would be considered uncertain.7, The RDW may assist in differentiating iron deficiency and sideroblastic anemia from thalassemia (Table 3). It helps to evaluate the presence of abnormal hemoglobin types which can reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of blood. For example, Dr. Abimola Farinde on Medscape says that normal hemoglobin levels for men could be as low as 13.0 g/dL. Abnormal cells on peripheral blood smear: The peripheral blood smear is perhaps the most inexpensive laboratory test that can accurately lead to a diagnosis of thalassemia. These include: If you've just had a baby, your newborn will be tested as part of a newborn screening. [6], Mass spectrometry, a newer analytical technology, may be used to identify highly unstable hemoglobins that may manifest clinically as hemolytic anemia or thalassemia. Variations in the hemoglobin levels or presence of abnormal hemoglobin can indicate blood diseases. . Hemoglobin A1 (96% to 98% of total hemoglobin), Hemoglobin A2 (1.5% to 3.5% of total hemoglobin), Hemoglobin F (0.5% to 1% of total hemoglobin). Antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillin, 250 mg orally twice a day, is recommended for all persons during the first two years after surgery and for children younger than 16 years.18, Growth hormone therapy for beta thalassemia intermedia and major has had variable success and is not generally recommended. Hemoglobin present in the blood is responsible for carrying oxygen and delivering it to various body organs.Hemoglobin electrophoresis test is designed to identify and measure different types of Hemoglobin that can be found in ones blood. Pagana KD, Pagana TJ, Pagana TN. Water retention in pregnancy: causes and remedies, Nausea in pregnancy: times, causes and remedies, Exercises to strengthen your back in pregnancy. Sickle cell trait. 14th ed. Fetal hemoglobin-containing cells have the same mean corpuscular hemoglobin as cells without fetal hemoglobin: a reciprocal relationship between gamma- and beta-globin gene expression in normal subjects and in those with high fetal hemoglobin production. D.C.: American Association for Clinical Chemistry ; c20012020 ( 22 ), and no Hb.. Hoffman R BJE, Shattil SJ, Furie B, Silberstein LE, P... Excluded with an examination of the peripheral smear or the bone marrow aspirate % Hb a 70-80! Sickle cell can be excluded with an examination of the body your newborn be! Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event, ( https: //www.hematology.org/education/patients/blood-basics.! Age of a person cited 2021 Aug 11 ] ; 11:435 your health provider! 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