How the international community views the India-Pakistan dispute over Kashmir has changed as well. The efforts to resettle Pandits in the Valley in the last two decades have seen ghetto-like structures come up in various parts of Kashmir, ringed by concertina wire with heavy security, underlining that normal life is impossible. [46] As of 2016, a total of 1,800 Kashmiri Pandit youths have returned to the valley since the announcing of Rs. In Jammus Jagti migrant camp, where at least 20,000 migrant Kashmiri Pandits live, the residents have been protesting for the past 146 days. The Kashmiri Pandits (also known as Kashmiri Brahmins)[7] are a group of Kashmiri Hindus and a part of the larger Saraswat Brahmin community of India. Some items were elaborate, such as the peacock shoes known as mayuropanah worn by followers of fashion, and steel-soled shoes adorned with floral designs, lubricated internally with beeswax. In many cases, their properties were either immediately vandalised or sold quickly by the owners to Kashmiri Muslims. 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Get briefed on the story of the week, and developing stories to watch across the Asia-Pacific. Money, Tokyo What was the UN event representatives of Kailasa attended? As per the estimates, 650 Pandits were killed during this time. There is little incentive for us to return to the Valley, says the Pandit teacher, drawing attention to the insecurity, lack of economic development and job prospects in Kashmir. An agreement, popularly known as the 1975 Indira-Sheikh Accord, was signed between Kashmiri politician Sheikh Abdullah and then Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi. [33] The nature of the planned exodus has remain controversial, with the involvement of then Governor Jagmohan in organising a clandestine exodus been a subject of controversy. He was one of the first persons to help them after which Punjab also followed suit. One of the deadliest attacks on Kashmiri Pandits in the Valley took place in 2003, more than a decade after the peak of the exodus. [17], The Brahmins had something to be particularly unhappy about during the reign of the last Lohara king, for Shadeva chose to include them in his system of onerous taxation, whereas previously they appear to have been exempted. At that time in Central BJP+JD were in power and in J&K JKNC (Farooq Abdullah) was in power. Although Farooq Abdullah was with full majority, he wa Navreh or the Kashmiri lunar new year is also an important Pandit festival. Asia, Central kashmiri pandit man Blogs, Comments and Archive News on Economictimes.com Most of the Kashmiris fled during late hours, under the cover of the night. Raising the issue later during Zero Hour, BJP member Sunil Kumar Singh demanded that the government start a probe into the "large scale atrocities" committed on Hindus and Sikhs in Kashmir from 1980 to 1990, especially in the period between 1984 to 1989 when Rajiv Gandhi was the prime minister, and culprits be punished. On August 5, 2019, when the government did away with special status to J&K, among the loudest to cheer were Kashmiri Pandits, who saw it as a long pending revenge for what had happened to them three decades ago. Because the truth is worth it.). The revelation that a Chinese surveillance balloon entered the country's airspace earlier this month has been met with a curiously muted government response. But theres just as much, if not more, tracking in the virtual world.". In his address to celebrate the 104th anniversary of the March 1 Independence Movement, Yoon Suk-yeol said Japan has transformed into a partner sharing common values. [28], They began to leave in much greater numbers in the 1990s during the eruption of militancy, following persecution and threats by radical Islamists and militants. [61] Scholar Alexander Evans estimates by 1990, there would have been 160,000170,000 Pandits in the Kashmir Valley. The Exodus of Kashmiri Pandits Ghulam Mohammad Shah came into power after snatching the position from his brother-in-law Farooq Abdullah and became Citizens of Jammu took to the streets to protest the erection of the masjid on the secretariat premises. The flight continued until 2000. Sun hid behind the clouds and the darkness found its way throughout the daylight. Besides being the right thing to do, apologies bring diplomatic and political gains in a region haunted by colonial and imperial atrocities. It sent shock waves through the Pandit community. Gul Shah formed the government with support from the Congress at the state-level as well as the central. The exodus of people from Kashmir Valley began only after then Jammu and Kashmir governor Jagmohan asked them, especially Kashmiri Pandits and Sikhs, to leave, saying he would not be able to protect them, Chowdhury said in Lok Sabha while raising the issue during Zero Hour. The LG administration and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems. [23], D.L. Another cause was communal hatred that was being fuelled by the authorities of Pakistan, hate speeches were being made to incite the people of Kashmir and to encourage them to The killings of innocent natives and ethnic cleansing of the Kashmiri Pandits must be seen in the context of the deeper intent to secure the secession of Jammu and Kashmir. An eye-witness report by two investigative journalists on the ground in Prato, Italy. The first day of the governor's rule, 19 January 1990, saw the darkest night in the history of the Kashmiri Pandit Exodus. Yet their return looks as difficult as it ever did. A second, larger wave left in March and April, after more Pandits were killed. What did the government of India do when Kashmiri Pundits were driven away from their homes in Kashmir? Why didt they prevent it? Because they did Why this hindu escape from tthier.brith Places or home land. What is the reason Ifound..One is no unity of hindu socity..still and yesterday also.. Those Pandits in service who felt threatened were free to leave their stations; they would continue to be paid salary. Best of 2022: The Kashmir Files, a narrative set against the backdrop of militancy, has been held up as the truth of Kashmir by its director. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. These organisations are involved in rehabilitation of the community in the valley through peace negotiations, mobilisation of human rights groups and job creation for the Pandits. Neel Kanth Ganjoo, a retired judge who had sentenced Maqbool Bhat to death, was shot dead outside the J&K High Court in Srinagar on November 4. The LG administration and the central government are primarily concerned with addressing security problems. The Hindu minority in Muslim majority Kashmir shrank from an estimated 140,000 in the late 1980s to 19,865 by 1998. As for those Pandits who left the Valley, many were put up in tented accommodation in camps in Jammu and New Delhi initially and subsequently in townships in these cities. A lot has changed since then but the more things change the more they remain the same. WebThe Kashmiri Pandit exodus remains the biggest instance of ethnic cleansing of a community 1989, the Central Government completely lost its authority in JK. As the BJP continues to promise that Kashmiri Pandits will return, and #HumWapasJayenge trends on social media, Kashmiri Muslims also see the return of Pandits as essential, but reject the idea of their settlement in secured camps as a replication of Israel-like Jewish settlements in the West Bank. Despite international sanctions, shipments of aviation fuel continue to reach the country, according to a new report. Read | Kashmiri Pandits observe Holocaust Day to mark 30 years of mass exodus from Valley. According to P.K.Verma, "Education was a common thread that bound together this pan Indian elite" and almost all the members of these communities could read and write English and were educated beyond school. Consequently, riots broke out in Jammu and Kashmir. It appears to have archaic features that suggest it is the oldest form of Kashmiri folk singing. No police commission, special investigation team (SIT), or judicial panel was constituted to probe the genocide-triggered exodus of Kashmiri Pandits. [36][37], Some Hindus across India tried to help the Pandits. Hence, the exodus of Kashmiri Pandit started Harmukh is traditionally revered by Kashmiri Pandits and in 2009 there was an attempt by them to revive pilgrimages to the site. The security situation along the India-Pakistan border remains of great concern. While apprehensions over their physical security are an important reason for Pandits not returning to their homes in the Valley, there are other problems too. Indian forces are specially ordered to keep high surveillance on Kashmir and Kashmiris. What happened in January 1990 is bitterly contested. Governor Jagmohan is criticised for not guaranteeing the safety of Kashmiri Pandits fleeing the Valley and for not stopping them with assurance of security. [67][failed verification] The shrine is located in Tullamulla village, 24km from Srinagar in Ganderbal district. [10], According to Indian government, more than 60,000 families are registered as Kashmiri migrants including some Sikh and Muslim families. It is high time that drastic measures are taken to redress the situation," he said. [16][17] Mohibbul Hasan describes this collapse as .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, The Dmaras (feudal chiefs) grew powerful, defied royal authority, and by their constant revolts plunged the country into confusion. WebThe Exodus of Kashmiri Hindus, or Pandits, is their early-1990 migration, or flight, from the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley in Indian-administered Kashmir following rising violence in an insurgency.Of a total Pandit population of 120,000140,000 some 90,000100,000 left the valley or felt compelled to leave, and about 30 were killed. It was at this meeting that pro-Pakistan separatist Syed Ali Shah Geelani suddenly appeared and made a passionate plea for openly supporting jihad in Kashmir. According to some estimates, notably by the Kashmiri Pandit Sangharsh Samiti (KPSS), of 75,343 Kashmiri Pandit families in January 1990, more than 70,000 fled between 1990 and 1992. The hotly contested circumstances of their departure between January and March 1990, the numbers, and the issue of their return are an important side to the Kashmir story that has fed into the Hindu-Muslim polarisation in India over the years, in turn fuelling the Hindu-Muslim chasm in the Valley. It is an undeniable fact that the same sentiments that led to the ethnic cleansing of Kashmiri Hindus are very much alive and thriving today. The communal violence of April 2022 was more the norm than the exception in the city of Khambhat. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. Speeches were made extolling Pakistan and the supremacy of Islam, and against Hinduism. Newly appointed, he had arrived in Srinagar on January 19. Advertisement. Developments in the first three weeks of 1990 further fueled their fears. The flight continued until 2000. [56][57] They were distributed into the two districts of Valley, the Baramulla district, where Hindus constituted 2.1 percent of the population; 12,919 Hindus out of 612,428 total. V. P. Singh appointed Jagmohan as Governor on 19 January 1990. Sanjay Kumar, the father of three minor children who worked as a bank security guard, was shot dead in Achan Asia, Southeast Matters came to a head on January 19. [48] Many Orders, Circulars and recommendations have been issued for relief of Kashmiri Pandits. You are not allowed to edit this article at this level. (At The Quint, we are answerable only to our audience. She write read more, Copyright 2023 The Indian Express [P] Ltd. All Rights Reserved, Why Haryana sarpanches are protesting against e-tenders for infra works, Rupert Murdoch testifies Fox anchors endorsed claims of Biden stealing 2020 polls: What he said, significance. ISI-sponsored Pro-Pakistan outfit, Hizbul Mujahideen, was founded in 1989. A migrant Pandit, named K.L Koul, says that the Pandits were told that the government has plans of killing one lakh Kashmiri Muslims in order to overcome the uprising against India. He operated a meritocracy and both Brahmins and Buddhists were among his closest advisors. The Hizbul Mujahideen put up posters ordering all Hindus to leave the Valley and lists with names of Pandits to be eliminated were circulated, Dhar recalled. For impactful stories you just cant miss, By subscribing you agree to our Privacy Policy. It laid down measures for the integration of Jammu and Kashmir to India, ensuring that it will continue to be governed under Article 370 of the Constitution, which gave the state an autonomous status as a constituent of India. The mass exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits began. The Kashmiri Muslims were instructed to identify Pandit homes so they could be systematically targeted for conversion or killing. China is drawing lessons from Russias invasion of Ukraine. The lead up to the Kashmiri Hindu exodus In 1989, the then J&K Chief Minister Farooq Abdullah had ordered the release of around 70 terrorists between July The KPSS has placed the number of Kashmiri Pandits killed by militants from 1990 to 2011 at 399, the majority during [41], In 2010, the Government of Jammu and Kashmir noted that 808 Pandit families, comprising 3,445 people, were still living in the Valley and that financial and other incentives put in place to encourage others to return there had been unsuccessful. [69], Kshemendra's detailed records from the eleventh century describe many items of which the precise nature is unknown. With the completion of fifth year of their forced exile, this peace loving, culturally rich community with a history of more than 5000 years, is fighting a grim battle to save itself from becoming extinct as a distinct race and culture. Leaders of Jammu and Kashmir knew earlier what was going to happen within few weeks. Some 800 families have remained in A majority of the Pandit refugees still live in refugee camps with spiralling health and economic problems. In response, Abdullah resigned on the same day and Jagmohan suggested the dissolution of the State Assembly. [73][74], The Kashmiri Pandits have a tradition of consuming meat, including mutton and fish, but they obey restrictions laid down by the shastras of not eating the meat of forbidden animals such as beef and pork. 20 per cent of them left the valley as a consequence of the 1950 land reforms,[27] and by 1981 the Pandit population amounted to 5 per cent of the total. Asia, Asia Most Popular. JKLF targeted a Kashmiri Hindu for the first time on 14 September 1989, when they killed Tika Lal Taploo, a lawyer and a prominent leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Jammu and Kashmir, in front of several eyewitnesses. All three subcastes interdine and interteach, but only the Jotish and Krkun subcastes intermarry.[22]. In order to get out of blame, Chief Minister Farookh Abdullah and Mufti Mohammad Sayeed convinced Prime Minister V.P. On the day of 8 December 1989, the kidnapping of Rubaiya Sayeed was carried out by members of the Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF), a Kashmiri terrorist separatist organisation, in Jammu and Kashmir. At best, the younger generation of Pandits look to Kashmir as a holiday destination. They blame the then-Jammu and Kashmir governor, Jagmohan, for the Pandit exodus. Kashmir was in ferment. The Hindu caste system of the Kashmir region was influenced by the influx of Buddhism from the time of Asoka, around the third century BCE, and a consequence of this was that the traditional lines of varna were blurred, with the exception of that for the Brahmins. We will go back on our own terms," Kashmiri Samiti president Sunil Shakdher said in August 2002 in response to the then Farooq Abdullah regimes proposed rehabilitation agenda. Dr. Sudha Ramachandran is an independent journalist/researcher based in Bangalore, India. On January 19, 1990, the Vally witnessed the most gruesome night in the history of the exodus of Kashmiri It marked a shift in the motivations behind the militancy in Kashmir hitherto driven primarily be a separatist sentiment, it now took a more communal colour and moved towards jihad. He respected the learning of these Pandits, to whom he gave land as well as encouraging those who had left to return. Some emigrated to other countries entirely. The government should set up self-contained townships exclusively for returning Pandits, Dhar says. (Or if they're ordered by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos. Sheth, the former director of the Center for the Study of Developing Societies in India (CSDS), lists Indian communities that constituted the middle class and were traditionally "Urban and professional" (following professions like doctors, lawyers, teachers, engineers, etc.) [ref][ref][ref] Events were also held at Jagti and Muthi migrant camps. A highly literate community, they were disproportionately represented in the Kashmir bureaucracy as well as in the teaching, legal, and medical professions, prompting resentment among other communities in the Valley, especially Muslims, who comprise over 95 percent of the population. Many fell into disrepair. Pandits were given a choice: convert to Islam, leave the Valley, or perish. "There has been continuing lack of engagement by the government of India with the community. I don't see why they won't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their car or check their house if they suspect anything. Successive governments in New Delhi and Srinagar have attempted to draw displaced Pandits back to the Valley. India is a peaceful country to the extent that its dear neighbor Pakistan works on the premise that whatever madness they do india will politely as A governor of this administration was ruling in Jammu and Kashmir. Some built new homes and or moved into rented places. Men, too, might adopt stylish arrangements and wear flowers in their hair, if they had the financial means to do so. The exodus took place at the same time that the BJP was upping the ante across northern India, and over the years, the plight of Kashmiri Pandits has become a potent Hindutva issue. However, respect for the Pandits (many of whom were teachers) and a shared Kashmiri identity that held Pandits and Muslims together prevented differences from erupting into conflict. What is the truth of the 1990s Kashmiri Pandit migration? It has waxed and waned over the years, as has public support for it. Sun worship is believed to have been brought into Kashmir by Kushan kings from Iran. It is against the Kashmiri ethos, a Pandit teacher based in Bengaluru said, stressing that exclusive townships and segregated communities would deepen the divide between Pandits and Muslims in the Valley. According to scholar Christopher Snedden, the Pandits made up about 6 per cent of the Valley's population in 1947. Tens of thousands of Kashmiris and Indian security personnel have lost their The blatant electoral engineering, which disillusioned many Kashmiri youth, became a watershed event in Kashmir's political landscape and catalysed further insurgency. What do we know about him? As the Kashmiri Pandits are enduring an uncertain and troubled time, let us take a look at their history and other important details. Just $5 a month. Short answer: Because of carelessness, lack of courage/desire and vote-bank politics of State and Central government. Long Answer: To know the reas Manish Sisodia Delhi excise policy case: how the right against self-incri What was the UN event representatives of Nithyanandas Kailasa attended? But that life of tranquility which they remember so fondly doesnt exist anymore in Kashmir. View, About However, the problems of Kashmiri Pandits have not By then, the Pandits had begun to be targeted. Interteach, but only the Jotish and Krkun subcastes intermarry. [ 22 ] built new homes and moved..., special investigation team ( SIT ), or judicial panel was constituted to probe the genocide-triggered exodus of Pandits... Surveillance balloon entered the country 's airspace earlier this month has been continuing lack of courage/desire and politics... Draw displaced Pandits back to the Valley, or perish genocide-triggered exodus Kashmiri... Earlier this month has been continuing lack of engagement by the regime to create intentional tension/chaos ordered to high! 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Should set up self-contained townships exclusively for returning Pandits, to whom he gave land as well the is... Kashmir Valley they wo n't pull up a Kashmiri Muslim/Pandit from their homes in Kashmir community the! The Congress at the Quint, we are answerable only to our.!