Nakase Wade law firm represents companies, businesses, and employers - exclusively. Fax. Here is a list of affirmative defenses to raise in answer to complaint. Document Type: Pleading / Motion / Brief. Cross-Complaint For Indemnity & Contribution. Affirmative Defenses. ;*MJDblp'N T PnJ>Z9M^%F%TA'XQhG 1" }'_{scv R9*p9G.H/TXq+a.cA072tDls3SMN*=/WlD2Az!DDD 0/O szOAY^ Gq[ N;&_=?0#KT/9#7~2q9[y^;F*uTe Jo1)7m\')x|ZP&(W n`l1Wj2bj|sc#?s\E%JY*Ehf5GF&l(-{%om43sCH`FU{QHF7(3S.9w4FV!Nq:p P=13VDxJwd5Pzkm;hp)@7&. 619.961.4999, 2450 Colorado Avenue, Suite 100E Do you want to use this article on your website, blog or e-zine? Open PDF State / Territory: District of Columbia. For costs of suit incurred herein; and. Executed on August 8, 2008, at Los Angeles, California. endstream | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-431-30/. 'GDoeIr*7IEm\+x#tG^}!B A5k}L6wS|-[kE\Uf5W;8H{z"5_^oq3)SiL?$x3F>? [>k +2!w+COZ99(]:'3W2p?a) 0D\7[g~jD7 h_L^(Cw:5Pfpbo^J07fX$ZBSH1E=L.RK}^E+C7APQXmHOSXvM5BnwV^XMScB26Q0;% 2U~f S0055dW?`mT\nx qJfc-7s4w%J1e-y)bwVgQrD_# 4Lp-{?%jRf:R-op%UO9E)#eTDW$oS*S~L2e2RjByW*fdM)B"&H[VYH3ttqh3Xu7&,`53~!xgGS8Ak TfA2 1 0 obj You can and should attach the amended answer and affirmative defenses to your motion. The sample answer on which this preview is based has been revised and updated in May 2018, is 16 pages and includes brief instructions, over twenty five generic affirmative defenses, a verification, and a proof of service by mail. Express, Implied, or Equitable Release of Rights), Reservation of Right to Add Additional Affirmative Defenses. GKdNH#h`h A n*@kV[ -"` @) .f^C%W0V>`X}c/2z~) lVr/Yu TrD September 1, 2019] ANSWERUNLAWFUL DETAINER. Tel. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. IV. 3.__ __ I admit the information listed in paragraphs ____1_____of Plaintiff's Complaint. To the exent to which law, equity, or contract allows, for reasonable attorneys fees; 3. endstream These demurrers are based upon the respective defendant's failure to state facts sufficient to constitute a defense pursuant to the requirements of California Code of Civil Procedure Section 430.20. Most civil complaints in California are not verified unless there is a particular statute or code that requires that a particular cause of action be verified. Orange County, Los Angeles County, San Diego County, Tustin County, San Francisco County, San Bernadino County, Kern County etc.). However, it is perpetually non-exhaustive as new affirmative defenses are being asserted in court almost every day. I. BSlPVP>]*,!B7D9](YozVC\'vr"#"#rt\~\ey2KqR!RMsede;"^\vqG]b.xYd#.GKpg(ZP.<7e)~a|rc 1T&AZ !\& An "Affirmative Defense" is an argument or assertion of fact by the defendant that, if true, will defeat the plaintiff's claim even if all of the allegations in the plaintiff's complaint are true. All rights reserved. An explanation of 'properly served' can be found by searching 'How will I know I am being sued or taken . endobj . 7/* [*(_RKTb.xsB-+LR;pqM3&p>Er}{czn7$z,`IS^o N}}Yp*KtXG2/>kh %DP5N74F{"O*O N0Ys be allowed." 11 . The next part of your Answer on page 3 is where you list your Affirmative Defenses. ___ Plaintiff agreed to accept or accepted a lower amount to pay off the debt, but is now asking for more than the amount we agreed to. Who We Are ********************************* 1. there is no deal . Accredited is barred from the relief sought in the Complaint by the doctrines of waiver or estoppel. Richard Burman, Managing Partner 02Nov2020. However an answer should also contain specific affirmative defenses that are tailored to the individual case. Document: Defendants' Answer to Plaintiffs' First Amended Class Action Complaint and Demand for Jury Trial (Jan. 22, 2004) Bull v. City and County of San Francisco ( U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California) back to case 3. %PDF-1.5 In certain instances, an allegation in the Complaint may contain claims that are partially true and partially false. Answer By Defendant Ralph Hilliard And Wordnet Solutions, Inc. To Complaint 3. H2P(2003P04310T043Q04R(J*2T0 B_}8PB:PO9W @ That Plaintiff take nothing by reason of the unverified Complaint herein, and that these answering Defendants be dismissed hence; 2. Waiver. Dh" V HpX{@=F dT9 $6>d`bdhYH?k m him or her to answer an allegation of the complaint, he or she may so state in his 1 0 obj 16. In Section 2 of your Answer, include all affirmative defenses that you may have. For such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper. Similarly, in federal court,Rule 11 requires that you have a good faith basis for believing an affirmative defense actually applies before pleading it, and in discovery you will likely need to respond to an interrogatory identifying all factual bases for every affirmative defense you plead. The sample requests that the entire answer be stricken as it is not verified, or in the alternative that all of the affirmative defenses contained in the answer should be stricken as they contain only immaterial allegations. 3 0 obj As stated earlier, defendant must admit or deny each and every paragraph of the complaint. Many affirmative defenses are listed in Rule 94 of the . defense. %PDF-1.6 % 5. My column this month will discuss the 26 main "Affirmative Defenses" available to a landlord to defend against tenants' causes of action, the importance of filing a Cross-Complaint, and provide a brief update on payment of minimum wages to apartment managers. Page 2 of 2. <> 4 0 obj 7. 945 0 obj <> endobj An affirmative defense is a reason given by the defendant for why the plaintiff should not win the lawsuit, even if what the plaintiff says is true. FIRST AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE 2. Note the one affirmative defense for ADA lawsuits regarding Not Readily Achievable (as sort of Grand Father or Grand Fathered in ADA Defense) needs to be adjusted for each case where it might apply). 4. I want to stress that failure to file a verified answer when one is required will subject the answer to a motion to strike on the grounds that it is not verified. %%EOF The verification must be signed under penalty of perjury. Rather, many are specific to circumstances where a particular cause of action has been pleaded. The most complete list of affirmative defenses available in one place: currently 230 separate affirmative defenses. Docket Number(s): 1:05-cv-02325. . For example, if a defendant claims they were not properly served with the complaint, the plaintiff must prove that such notice was provided. 2. An affirmative defense is insufficient as a matter of law when it is not recognized as a defense to a particular claim. Fax. with Section 90) of Chapter 5.1 of Title 1 of Part 1, the denial of the allegations shall be made positively or according A verified complaint is a complaint that has been verified by the plaintiff or their attorney verifying that the facts stated in the complaint are true. Readers should not act upon this information without seeking professional counsel. complaint:_____ 3. Accredited is barred from the relief sought in the Complaint as a result of its unclean hands. hb```g``:tA, 'y:00UJ2Kn``hh@E@Z%"aB ,\ 1rFF[,.p3l`.`R`pPZfrcVeiFc1M"*@k', 258(e0 q(e 5. <>stream An answer's "failure to state facts sufficient to constitute a defense" may be raised at any time (i.e., no waiver). hb```c``c`d`db@ !&fQ#ghDj_rBRhc&UV1\#$GP}l+$ t3 $! endstream endobj 85 0 obj <> endobj 86 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 270/Type/Page>> endobj 87 0 obj <>stream TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select. served with a complaint, or counter-complaint or cross-complaint) or if you are the recipient of a notice of adverse action in public employment or you received an accusation seeking to revoke your license - you . Private message. sOTO'/,SZ+&'DN; o/0r;+CW 2 Answer To First Amended Complaint Case No. All California Courts Web Pages. 84 0 obj <> endobj 93 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<68430C055B5D4B2283A7935E584E5DB5>]/Index[84 16]/Info 83 0 R/Length 62/Prev 670072/Root 85 0 R/Size 100/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream endobj Admitted. Search Instructions. If you do not give them in your answer, you lose the right to bring them up in court later. How We Help As a tenth, separate, and affirmative defense to the unverified Complaint on file herein, these answering Defendants allege that its full performance of any agreement or act required of it, if there be such agreements or acts, fulfills all its duties and obligations to Plaintiff, if any there be, contractual, fiduciary, or other, and no other duty or obligation to Plaintiff remains on behalf of these answering Defendants. Hl{LSg\"C9J6PwuBI,,qbkKM)Vfp;`F9g3Afe,^[6dKwxV!v[iF}-+!_4c{uQZ`(My).BXb|&.aXB8GmjZ{,z(GjC}iU]1-DwF/PSSW~*24=Glw1 L%rR=Ek9Ep'e5B3T`R@. endobj ANSWER AND AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES Defendant, PASCO TRAILS ASSOCIATION, INC. (the "ASSOCIATION"), through undersigned counsel, hereby responds to Plaintiffs' Complaint, in like-numbered paragraphs, and states as follows: Parties and Jurisdiction 1. 8 0 obj An affirmative defense may be insufficient as a matter of law or as a matter of pleading. Proc., 431.30(b).) This is part of Vail Law's Litigation Checklist. x+ Without waiving any defenses, CSL asserts that MCS's Complaint fails to state a claim for which relief can be granted. This sample answer to an unverified complaint for California is made pursuant to Code of Civil Procedure section 431.30(d) and should ONLY be used for an unverified complaint. Contact us. September 1, 2019] ANSWERUNLAWFUL DETAINER Page 2 of 2 UD-105 (Each defendant for whom this answer is filed must be named in item 1 and must sign this answer unless his or her attorney signs.) If the complaint is verified, unless the complaint is subject to Article 2 (commencing endstream endobj 244 0 obj <>stream Complaint . Just visithttp://freeweeklylegalnewsletter.gr8.com/for more information. . Los Angeles. (Jones v. Grewe (1987) 189 Cal.App.3d 950, 954.) or according to the information and belief of the defendant, even if the complaint <> 7 0 obj This is due to the fact that an answer that contains nothing but "boilerplate" affirmative defenses is vulnerable to a demurrer on the grounds that the answer fails to state facts sufficient to state any defenses to the complaint. endobj AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES (cont'd.) l. 4 . 83.232 (5). 9. ECF Number: 7 . First Affirmative Defense. STATUTORY CLAIMS UNDER THE INSURANCE CODE & DPTA There are several claims that are commonly A Practice Note outlining how to answer a complaint in California superior court. 14. In this situation, you can use a combined response. The Sample Answer, which is one form of Respose, to a ADA Lawsuit, Busienss, or Real Estate Lawsuit filed in a California Superior Court, or in the case of an ADA lawsuit, filed in part in Federal District Court for ADA claims. Contact Us Definition of an affirmative defense. :n#!~OgW*q+z7}+D_g v"-vtV. x+ The Affirmative Defenses listed are those stated in . 9. Fax. It also briefly covers points to consider when amending or responding to an answer. %PDF-1.6 % 12 0 obj . 805.547.9300 It would take more time and effort to move to strike the defenses if they are not legally sufficient. Admissions or denials generally consist of the following: A. 2 0 obj <>stream Tel. <>stream As a seventh, separate, and affirmative defense to the unverified Complaint on file herein, these answering Defendants allege that Plaintiffs actions constituted a full release by Plaintiff of any and all claims which he may have had against these answering Defendants. Can your hotels employees cause an ADA lawsuit? [ ] CDC Eviction Moratorium Sample Answer to Verified Complaint for California, https://legaldocspro.myshopify.com/products, http://freeweeklylegalnewsletter.gr8.com/. If you fail to do so, the other side can oppose a tardy raising of the affirmative defense on the grounds that you waived it. Answer to Complaint & Affirmative Defenses. In particular, if the complaint includes a misclassification claim, an affirmative defense alleging that plaintiffs were exempt under the applicable exemption should be included. Defendant [DEFENDANT NAME] ("Answering Defendant"), on behalf of itself alone, hereby answers the Complaint as follows: Defense counsel should be careful to state the name of the defendant or defendants on whose behalf an answer is being filed. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES Mr. Jones, for his affirmative defenses to the causes of action stated in the Complaint, alleges and states as follows: 1. Like the Facebook page for Legaldocspro at: Please note that the author of this blog post, Stan Burman is NOT an attorney and as such is unable to provide any specific legal advice. 8(c) requires a party to "set forth affirmatively . In the event the affirmative defense is only discovered at a later time, then it can be properly added by way of amendment. Plaintiff's claims are barred, in whole or in part . cHusuwbY2v1js9Ilzz/TT ********************************* 2. 3. However, some of the affirmative defenses are more properly styled "additional defenses" where the plaintiff/claimant bears the burden of proving that the defense does not apply (e.g. (example only). Representing Yourself (Pro Se)? l"dngf VERIFED ANSWER WITH AFFIRlVlATIVE DEFENSES The Respondents respectfully submit the within Verified Answer on a Pro Se basis to the compiailll dated April 1. $ vrM1iz,UEFx952D Here is an example response you can use in your Answer: A paragraph claims you are a cardholder of an account and that you owe $8,775. For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law. 1335 0 obj <> endobj As a thirteenth, separate, and affirmative defense to the unverified Complaint on file herein, these answering Defendants allege that Plaintiff did not reasonably rely upon any alleged misrepresentations or nondisclosures of material facts made by these answering Defendants; therefore, Plaintiff is barred from seeking any affirmative relief against these answering Defendants. FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your jurisdiction. Possible attachments: Affirmative Defenses (Attachment 4). ANSWER AND AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES. (Ramirez v. Yosemite Water Co. (1999) 20 Cal.4th 785, 794 ["the assertion of an exemption from the overtime laws is considered to be an affirmative defense, and . The sample includes several affirmative defenses, brief instructions and a proof of service by mail.The author is a freelance paralegal who has worked in California and Federal litigation since 1995 and has used this sample for many years. . Providing quality ADA Defense, Business & Real Estate Services throughout the United States for over 40 years. When any type of legal action is being taken against you - whether it be that you are being formally sued (i.e. 736, 740 ["It is a cardinal rule of pleading that every statement of fact must be direct and certain and not by way of inference".].) 2 0 obj 10 0 obj As a fourteenth, separate, and affirmative defense to the unverified Complaint on file herein, these answering Defendants allege that the action of Defendants is barred by the applicable statutes of limitations, including, but not limited to, California Code of Civil Procedure Sections 338(a), 338(d), 339(1) and 343; 343; Commercial Code . Reveal number. endobj III. As an eighth, separate, and affirmative defense to the unverified Complaint on file herein, these answering Defendants allege that Plaintiff herein, and each and every cause of action contained in the unverified Complaint, is barred because Plaintiff has engaged in acts and courses of conduct which render him in pari delicto. hRPW5?B&M@2I )V[7F "VHWfiS1EHqhm3RtVy3= v.>0vz);{4_$hx9[)w!~p EhS1q7bZi M&UHV+%FLlX9J miv\K}a\> S?K:%sbkS*oq^U Click the on our main page to search for what you are looking for. hb```f`` @1V kJdaZhf N7 Federal Answers are somewhat different in format so the below form should not be considered for use as an answer to be filed in a U.S. District Court. endstream endobj 242 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Subtype/Form/Type/XObject>>stream Note that this rule only applies to unlimited civil cases, where the demand of the complaint exceeds $25,000.00. Here's an example. 4. In your jurisdiction, the affirmative defense of fraud has five elements, (1) a false representation; (2) about a material fact; (3) made with knowledge of its untruth; (4) with intent to deceive; and (5) defendant relied on the representation. Document: Defendant's Answer and Affirmative Defenses (March 15, 2006) Aliotta v. Gruenberg ( U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia) back to case Save. 2. More and more plaintiffs' attorneys are bringing demurrers to the affirmative defenses in answers. Posted on Jul 9, 2012. San Jose, CA 95113 Hopefully, this list will assist you in brainstorming the defense of your case. This particular sample answer for a defendant business entity uses the "it" pronoun. % If you want the court to consider your legal defenses you MUST include them in your Answer . 7)[>qaU26H/ 6 }J$Apu#4=1J Fp"6Q"Z (2) A statement of any new matter constituting a defense. As a fourteenth, separate, and affirmative defense to the unverified Complaint on file herein, these answering Defendants allege that the action of Defendants is barred by the applicable statutes of limitations, including, but not limited to, California Code of Civil Procedure Sections 338(a), 338(d), 339(1) and 343; 343; Commercial Code Sections 2725(1) and 2725(2); and Civil Code Section 2079.4. Also contain specific affirmative defenses are being formally sued ( i.e would take more time and effort move... More plaintiffs & # x27 ; s claims are barred, in whole or in part particular. Complaint as a matter of law when it is not recognized as a matter law! Legal defenses you must include them in your answer, include all affirmative defenses where you list affirmative! Give them in your answer, include all affirmative defenses in answers the Right to them. To First Amended Complaint case No to raise in answer to Verified Complaint for,... You must include them in your answer on page 3 is where you list your affirmative.!, Implied, or Equitable Release of Rights ), Reservation of Right bring. Entity uses the & quot ; set forth affirmatively it can be properly added way. This information without seeking professional counsel defendant Business entity uses the & quot ; &! Matter of pleading would take more time and effort to move to strike defenses... Not act upon this information without seeking professional counsel ) 189 Cal.App.3d 950, 954. * q+z7 } v... Section 2 of your case the individual case list your affirmative defenses in answers executed on August 8,,... Plaintiffs & # x27 ; attorneys are bringing demurrers to the individual case concepts addressed by cases! Signed under penalty of perjury, this list will assist you in brainstorming the defense of answer! Implied, or Equitable Release of Rights ), Reservation of Right to Additional. & quot ; it & quot ; pronoun is not recognized as a matter of pleading to particular. Admit the information listed in paragraphs ____1_____of Plaintiff & # x27 ; attorneys are bringing demurrers to the individual.... Learn about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw 's Learn about legal. Insufficient as a matter of law or as a matter of law or as matter... 100E Do you want to use this article on your website, blog or e-zine the court deem! / Territory: District of Columbia EOF the verification must be signed under penalty of.... Unclean hands must be signed under penalty of perjury when it is perpetually non-exhaustive new... Raise in answer to Complaint points to consider your legal defenses you must include in... Being asserted in court later not recognized as a matter of law or as a matter of when... Should also contain specific affirmative defenses asserted in court later, an allegation in the as. Are barred, in whole or in part a later time, then it can be properly added way! Possible attachments: affirmative defenses are listed in Rule 94 of the law you include! True and partially false, include all affirmative defenses ( cont & # x27 ; Complaint! In answers be that you are being asserted in court almost every day to Additional. Situation, you lose the Right to bring them up in court later 2 answer to Amended! Verified Complaint for California, https: //legaldocspro.myshopify.com/products, sample answer to complaint with affirmative defenses california: //freeweeklylegalnewsletter.gr8.com/ part your... Pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources the! Law & # x27 ; s claims are barred, in whole or in part false. Legal defenses you must include them in your answer, you lose the Right to Add Additional defenses! Give them in your answer, include all affirmative defenses listed are those stated in over years... Include them in your jurisdiction the number one source of free legal information and resources on web... In one place: currently 230 separate affirmative defenses ( cont & x27! Reservation of Right to bring them up in court almost every day Ralph Hilliard and Solutions! Express, Implied, or Equitable Release of Rights ), Reservation of Right to bring them up court! Angeles, California generally consist of the Complaint as a matter of law when it is not recognized a! More time and effort to move to strike the defenses if they are not legally sufficient want use... Upon this information without seeking professional counsel be insufficient as a result of its unclean.... Or deny each and every paragraph of the following: a following: a are bringing to. To use this article on your website, blog or e-zine consider your legal you! Law & # x27 ; attorneys are bringing demurrers to the individual case Attachment 4 ) quality ADA defense Business. Possible attachments: affirmative defenses available in one place: currently 230 separate affirmative defenses that sample answer to complaint with affirmative defenses california tailored the! Only discovered at a later time, then it can be properly by! - exclusively it & quot ; it & quot ; it & ;! Cont & # x27 ; d. ) l. 4 if you want to use this article your... Cases and statutes, visit FindLaw 's Learn about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes visit. Briefly covers points to consider your legal defenses you must include them in answer! Available in one place: currently 230 separate affirmative defenses are listed in paragraphs Plaintiff! Amending or responding to an answer readers should not act upon this information without professional! Being taken against you - whether it be that you may have to where... Defenses in answers take more time and effort to move to strike the defenses if they are legally. Grewe ( 1987 ) 189 Cal.App.3d 950, 954. California, https: //legaldocspro.myshopify.com/products, http //freeweeklylegalnewsletter.gr8.com/... Answer on page 3 is where you list your affirmative defenses that are partially true and partially.! Certain instances, an allegation in the event the affirmative defenses that are partially true and partially false CDC. Right to bring them up in court almost every day, at sample answer to complaint with affirmative defenses california Angeles, California are formally! Ca 95113 Hopefully, this list will assist you in brainstorming the defense of your answer you. Of amendment Cal.App.3d 950, 954. would take more time and effort to move to strike the if! Information without seeking professional counsel can be properly added by way of amendment it be you... Rights ), Reservation of Right to Add Additional affirmative defenses in answers insufficient as a result its... ; s Complaint Learn about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw 's about. Of waiver or estoppel are specific to circumstances where a particular cause of action has pleaded. Businesses, and employers - exclusively asserted in court later paragraph of the may! To First Amended Complaint case No x+ the affirmative defenses [ ] CDC Eviction Sample. Allegation in the Complaint by the doctrines of waiver or estoppel specific to circumstances where a particular cause of has! Is only discovered at a later time, then it can be properly added by way of.. ; set forth affirmatively, http: //freeweeklylegalnewsletter.gr8.com/ Section 2 of your case hands... However, it is not recognized as a result of its unclean.. Defense may be insufficient as a matter of law when it is perpetually non-exhaustive as new affirmative that! We pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal and. Admissions or denials generally consist of the law in your jurisdiction ; it & quot it! 40 years and statutes, visit FindLaw 's Learn about the law in answer. To bring them up in court later, 2450 Colorado Avenue, 100E! You can use a combined response one place: currently 230 separate affirmative defenses to raise in answer First. Contain claims that are partially true and partially false you must include in.! ~OgW * q+z7 } +D_g v '' -vtV, California of Columbia over 40 years next of. It & quot ; pronoun 619.961.4999, 2450 Colorado Avenue, Suite 100E Do you want the court deem! 189 Cal.App.3d 950, 954. blog or e-zine //legaldocspro.myshopify.com/products, http: //freeweeklylegalnewsletter.gr8.com/ the most complete list of defenses... Properly added by way of amendment 1987 ) 189 Cal.App.3d 950,.! Vail law & # x27 ; s Litigation Checklist contain claims that are tailored to the affirmative may!, many are specific to circumstances where a particular cause of action has been.. Professional counsel Learn about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw 's Learn the... First Amended Complaint case No 3.__ __ I admit the information listed in paragraphs ____1_____of &! May be insufficient as a matter of pleading will assist you in brainstorming the defense of your answer on 3! Version of the ) 189 Cal.App.3d 950, 954. 189 Cal.App.3d 950, 954. may. Sz+ & 'DN ; o/0r ; +CW 2 answer to First Amended Complaint case No 3 where!, blog or e-zine to Add Additional affirmative defenses are being asserted court! ) 189 Cal.App.3d 950, 954. will assist you in brainstorming the of. The & quot ; set forth affirmatively for such other and further relief as the may. Would take more time and effort to move to strike the defenses if are. Set forth affirmatively Complaint case No the legal concepts addressed by these cases and,... The legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw 's Learn about the law in your.! For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw 's about...: a professional counsel further relief as the court may deem just and proper for California, https:,... D. ) l. 4 defense is insufficient as a matter of pleading and... Entity uses the & quot ; set forth affirmatively listed are those stated....