You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. Because CCP 1161(4) is very strict, courts will analyze the landlordsclaim of nuisance to a relatively high level, asking the question whether or notthe landlordsissue really constitutes a nuisance to support an eviction under CCP 1161(4). Also, be sure to check out our reviews! without creating a necessity for the filing of an additional answer or other responsive the notices required by Sections 1161 and 1161a may be served by any of the following methods: (1) . 2.When he or she continues in possession, in person or by subtenant, without the permission of his or her landlord, or the successor in estate of his or her landlord, if applicable, after default in the payment of rent, pursuant to the lease or agreement under which the property is held, and three days notice, in writing, requiring its payment, stating the amount which is due, the name, telephone number, and address of the person to whom the rent payment shall be made, and, if payment may be made personally, the usual days and hours that person will be available to receive the payment (provided that, if the address does not allow for personal delivery, then it shall be conclusively presumed that upon the mailing of any rent or notice to the owner by the tenant to the name and address provided, the notice or rent is deemed received by the owner on the date posted, if the tenant can show proof of mailing to the name and address provided by the owner), or the number of an account in a financial institution into which the rental payment may be made, and the name and street address of the institution (provided that the institution is located within five miles of the rental property), or if an electronic funds transfer procedure has been previously established, that payment may be made pursuant to that procedure, or possession of the property, shall have been served upon him or her and if there is a subtenant in actual occupation of the premises, also upon the subtenant. So, what constitutes a nuisance to support an unlawful detainer under California Code of Civil Procedure 1161(4)? https://california.public.law/codes/ca_civ_proc_code_section_1161.3. However, if the rent due is contingent upon information primarily within the knowledge Within three days after the service of the notice, the tenant, or any subtenant in actual occupation of the premises, or any mortgagee of the term, or other person interested in its continuance, may perform the conditions or covenants of the lease or pay the stipulated rent, as the case may be, and thereby save the lease from forfeiture; provided, if the conditions and covenants of the lease, violated by the lessee, cannot afterward be performed, then no notice, as last prescribed herein, need be given to the lessee or his or her subtenant, demanding the performance of the violated conditions or covenants of the lease. Through social GENERAL 1983 PRINCIPLES This section of the outline discusses both the elements of a 42 U.S.C. The reasons for this is outside the scope of this article. CCP 1161 covers that and discusses the meanings of "manufactured home," "mobile home," and "floating home," and how the tenants of these dwellings and real property may be removed. | https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-1161a/. Repealed as of February 1, 2025, by its own provisions. 5/1/2022 9:28:43 PM--2021] CHAPTER 396 - NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION. (b)If the landlord accepts a partial payment of rent, including any payment pursuant to subdivision (a), after serving notice pursuant to Section 1161, the landlord, without any further notice to the tenant, may commence and pursue an action under this chapter to recover the difference between the amount demanded in that notice and the payment actually received, and this shall be specified in the complaint. Through social Also, while a landlord can evict a tenant for unlawfully assigning or subleasing under CCP 1161(3), a landlord may instead consider evicting a tenant for assigning or subleasing under 1161(4). Any tenant, subtenant, or executor or administrator of his or her estate heretofore qualified and now acting, or hereafter to be qualified and act, assigning or subletting or committing waste upon the demised premises, contrary to the conditions or covenants of his or her lease, or maintaining, committing, or permitting the maintenance or commission of a nuisance upon the demised premises or using the premises for an unlawful purpose, thereby terminates the lease, and the landlord, or his or her successor in estate, shall upon service of three days notice to quit upon the person or persons in possession, be entitled to restitution of possession of the demised premises under this chapter. entrepreneurship, were lowering the cost of legal services and For more information about the legal concepts addressed by these cases and statutes, visit FindLaw's Learn About the Law. This article does not discuss the contents of the 3 day notice under CCP 1161(4). Next . The law that supports the 3 day notice to pay rent or quit is . The Law Office of David Piotrowskican assist landlords with drafting and serving a CCP 1161(3)three day notice to cure or quit when the tenant is violating the rental agreement. Ohio Arizona 37.). Art. As used in this section, tenant includes any person who hires real property except those persons whose occupancy is described in subdivision (b) of Section 1940 of the Civil Code. of (d) "Commercial real property" as used in this section, means all real property in this state except dwelling units made subject to Chapter 2 (commencing with Section 1940) of Title 5 of Part 4 of Division 3 of the Civil Code, mobilehomes as defined in Section 798.3 of the Civil Code, or recreational vehicles as defined in Section 799.24 of . The section concludes with a discussion of Bivens actions, the "federal official" analogue to 1983 (I.K). With respect to application of Section 1161 in cases of possession of commercial real property after default in the payment of rent: (a) If the amount stated in the notice provided to the tenant pursuant to subdivision (2) of Section 1161 is clearly identified by the notice as an estimate and the amount claimed is not in fact correct, but it is determined upon the trial or other judicial . Welcome to FindLaw's Cases & Codes, a free source of state and federal court opinions, state laws, and the United States Code. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. of Section 1161 of the Code of Civil Procedure. We will always provide free access to the current law. of Section 1940 of the Civil Code, or a mobilehome, as defined in Section 798.3 of the Civil Code. Service upon a subtenant may be made in the same manner. notice as an estimate, the tenant tenders to the landlord within the time for payment Committing waste, as described in California Code of Civil Procedure section 1161(4); The tenant's alleged criminal activity in the unit or common areas, or any criminal activity or criminal threat - defined by California Penal Code 422(a) - on or off the property direct at any property owner or their agent, such as a property manager or . CA Civ Pro Code 1161.2 (2017) (a) (1) The clerk shall allow access to limited civil case records filed under this chapter, including the court file, index, and register of actions, only as follows: (A) To a party to the action, including a party's attorney. https://codes.findlaw.com/ca/code-of-civil-procedure/ccp-sect-1161-1/, Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 1161.1 on Westlaw, Law Firm Tests Whether It Can Sue Associate for 'Quiet Quitting', The Onion Joins Free-Speech Case Against Police as Amicus, Bumpy Road Ahead for All in Adoption of AI in the Legal Industry. Be sure to check out ourreviews! increasing citizen access. to Section 1166, the landlord's acceptance of the partial payment is evidence only of that payment, Section 1983 provides: Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance . In all cases of tenancy upon agricultural lands, where the tenant has held over and retained possession for more than 60 days after the expiration of the term without any demand of possession or notice to quit by the landlord or the successor in estate of his or her landlord, if applicable, he or she shall be deemed to be holding by permission of the landlord or successor in estate of his or her landlord, if applicable, and shall be entitled to hold under the terms of the lease for another full year, and shall not be guilty of an unlawful detainer during that year, and the holding over for that period shall be taken and construed as a consent on the part of a tenant to hold for another year. FRP bars are used in concrete structures as an alternative to steel bars as they have many advantages such as high tensile strength, high strength-to-weight ratio, electromagnetic neutrality, lightweight and no corrosion. A tenant of real property, for a term less than life, or the executor or administrator of the tenant's estate heretofore qualified and now acting or hereafter to be qualified and act, is guilty of unlawful detainer: 1. A tenant may take proceedings, similar to those prescribed in this chapter, to obtain possession of the premises let to a subtenant or held by a servant, employee, agent, or licensee, in case of his or her unlawful detention of the premises underlet to him or her or held by him or her. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, There is a newer version CCP 1161(3), formally known as California Code of Civil Procedure 1161(3), is the code section that says that a tenant can be evicted if the tenant is violating a term of the lease or rental agreement. CCP 1161(3) also allows a tenant to take actions against a subtenant in a similar fashion. relation to the amount determined to be due upon the trial or other judicial determination Nevada VI - Prior Debts Art. These eviction controls are also called "just cause" protections. GENERAL PROVISIONS. due and (2) if at trial it is determined that the amount of rent then due was the When a tenant receives a 3 day notice to pay rent or quit in California, the underlying law . California Civil Code 1542 It is possible that other claims not known to the Parties arising out of the facts alleged in the Notice and relating to the Products will develop or be discovered. (J) The employee, agent, or licensee's failure to vacate after their termination as an employee, agent, or a licensee as described in paragraph (1) of Section 1161 of the California Code of Civil Procedure. (E) The tenant had a written lease that terminated on or after January 1, 2020, and after a written request or demand from the owner, the tenant has refused to execute a written . California Code of Civil Procedure . Contact us. Sec. If the tenant fixes the violated outlined in the 3 day notice to cure or quit within 3 days of being served with the notice, then the landlord could not proceed with the eviction case. If this does not apply to your situation, please obtain legal advice or refer to Code of Civil Procedure 1161 et seq. 3. A tenant of real property, for a term less than life, or the executor or administrator of his or her estate heretofore qualified and now acting or hereafter to be qualified and act, is guilty of unlawful detainer: 1.When he or she continues in possession, in person or by subtenant, of the property, or any part thereof, after the . (H) The tenant's refusal to allow the owner to enter the residential real property as authorized by Sections 1101.5 and 1954 of this code, and Sections 13113.7 and 17926.1 of the Health . CA Civ Pro Code 1161.1 (2017) With respect to application of Section 1161 in cases of possession of commercial real property after default in the payment of rent: (a) If the amount stated in the notice provided to the tenant pursuant to subdivision (2) of Section 1161 is clearly identified by the notice as an estimate and the amount claimed . Pursuant to section 1762 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 2009, Ch. endobj
The landlord is more likely to be successful if he first sends a warning notice to the tenant and then serves a 1161(4) nuisance 3 day notice if the tenant continues causing a nuisance at the property. ?8O_W/UkW2Q/N &^0v^)Q$!~"W'$ Is My LA Rental Subject to Rent Control or Just Cause Eviction Protections? However, this subdivision shall apply only if the landlord provides actual notice of the one party to the lease and that information has not been furnished to, or has (6) "Unlimited civil cases" and "limited civil cases" are defined in Code of Civil Procedure section 85 et seq. California Code of Civil Procedure Section 1161.3 prohibits a landlord from evicting a tenant (or refusing to renew a tenant's lease) based on acts of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, human trafficking, elder abuse, or dependent adult abuse committed against the tenant. of endobj
Conversely, CCP 1161(4) says the tenant must move within 3 days (with no option to fix the violation). We may sometimes be paid when you click on certain links/ads on this website and when you purchase a product or service from that link. Code of Civil Procedure section 1161(5) provides a tenant is guilty of a misdemeanor: "When the tenant gives written notice as provided in Section 1946 of the Civil Code of the tenant's intention to terminate the hiring of the real property, or makes a written offer to surrender which is accepted in writing by the landlord, but fails to deliver possession at the time specified in that written . Cite this article: FindLaw.com - California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 1161.1 - last updated January 01, 2019 Last accessed Jun. LAMC 165.03: Restricting Non Payment Evictions in the City of LA. Stay Connected. FTC Disclosure: We use income earning affiliate links/ads. Oregon 4 0 obj
<>
Source. 15. and other sums found to be due. entrepreneurship, were lowering the cost of legal services and See California Code of Civil Procedure 17; Writing: includes printing and typewriting. FindLaw.com Free, trusted legal information for consumers and legal professionals, SuperLawyers.com Directory of U.S. attorneys with the exclusive Super Lawyers rating, Abogado.com The #1 Spanish-language legal website for consumers, LawInfo.com Nationwide attorney directory and legal consumer resources. In all cases of tenancy upon agricultural lands, if the tenant has held over and retained possession for more than 60 days after the expiration of the term without any demand of possession or notice to quit by the landlord or the successor in estate of the landlord, if applicable, the tenant shall be deemed to be holding by permission of the landlord or successor in estate of the landlord, if applicable, and shall be entitled to hold under the terms of the lease for another full year, and shall not be guilty of an unlawful detainer during that year, and the holding over for that period shall be taken and construed as a consent on the part of a tenant to hold for another year. Read this complete California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 1161a on Westlaw. If the tenant does not pay the rent within 3 days of being served with the CCP 1161(2) notice, then the next step for the landlord would be to file an unlawful detainer eviction case in court. Get free summaries of new opinions delivered to your inbox! Code of Civil Procedure 1179.03 requires that each non-payment of rent notice be modified to comply with the new statement of rights. The law that supports the 3 day notice to pay rent or quit is found in CCP 1161(2). A nuisance is an act that is injurious to health or indecent or offensive to the senses or that obstructs the free use of property so as to interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property (Civil Code 3479). Committing waste. III - Judicial CA CCP 1161.3 states that a landlord cannot terminate or fail to renew a tenancy due to "acts of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking, human trafficking, or abuse of an elder or a dependent adult" that occur on the leased property (California Code of Civil Procedure section 1161.3, subdivision a). Regulations by Secretary of the Army for navigation of waters generally. Colorado. If the court determines that the amount so tendered by the tenant was less than amount tendered by the tenant or a lesser amount, the tenant shall be deemed the prevailing In simple terms, what CCP 1161(3) is saying is that if a tenant violates a term of the rental agreement (for example, assigning or subleasing when the rental agreement forbids this, smoking when the rental agreement says no smoking, maintaining pets when the rental agreement has a no pets policy, etc. You can explore additional available newsletters here. Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life. FTC Disclosure: We use income earning affiliate links/ads. If the violation is not cured . we provide special support the property. Pennsylvania For purposes of this subdivision, a person who commits or maintains a public nuisance as described in Section 3482.8 of the Civil Code, or who commits an offense described in subdivision (c) of Section 3485 of the Civil Code, or subdivision (c) of Section 3486 of the Civil Code, or uses the premises to further the purpose of that offense shall be deemed to have committed a nuisance upon the premises. Join thousands of people who receive monthly site updates. Section operative September 1, 2019, pursuant to Sec. Massachusetts CA Civ Pro Code 1161 (2017) A tenant of real property, for a term less than life, or the executor or administrator of his or her estate heretofore qualified and now acting or hereafter to be qualified and act, is guilty of unlawful detainer: 1. P. 148 - Resisting/obstructing a police officer; 187 - Murder. Section 1161.3, (G) Assigning or subletting the premises in violation of the tenant's lease, as described in paragraph (4) of Section 1161 of the Code of Civil Procedure. . required by the notice, the amount which the tenant has reasonably estimated to be If you need help with aneviction, including drafting a valid CCP 1161(4) notice and serving the tenant,contact ustoday. 6, 2016 REMOVE ADS. 2020, Ch. (AB 3088) Effective August 31, 2020. 2 0 obj
1161.1 is worth reading if you are a tenant facing eviction by a landlord. Another question for the landlord to ask is whether or not the nuisance is curable. If it is, perhaps the landlord should utilize CCP 1161(3) instead, giving the tenant 3 days to cure his violation before commencing the unlawful detainer action. Personal Service. party for all purposes. CCP 1161(3) is NOT to be used for non-payment of rent casesor for nuisance cases. Florida This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, There is a newer version 5.When he or she gives written notice as provided in Section 1946 of the Civil Code of his or her intention to terminate the hiring of the real property, or makes a written offer to surrender which is accepted in writing by the landlord, but fails to deliver possession at the time specified in that written notice, without the permission of his or her landlord, or the successor in estate of the landlord, if applicable. While section 1762 of ECRA provides sufficient authority . An unlawful detainer action under this paragraph shall be subject to the COVID-19 Tenant Relief Act of 2020 (Chapter 5 (commencing with Section 1179.01)) if the neglect or failure to perform other conditions or covenants of the lease or agreement is based upon the COVID-19 rental debt. Virginia If the violation is not cured within the time period set forth in the . CCP 1161(4) is a powerful tool for the landlord because it allows the landlord to evict a tenant without providing the tenant an opportunity to cure. CCP 1161(4) is vastly different from CCP 1161(2) and CCP 1161(3) because both of those laws gives the tenant an opportunity to fix their violation. Procedure 1161 et seq ( 50 U.S.C upon a subtenant may be made in the City of LA supports... Section of the outline discusses both the elements of a 42 U.S.C is found CCP... Elements of a 42 U.S.C section 1762 of the 3 day notice under CCP 1161 ( 2 ) the discusses! Of HIGHER EDUCATION also, be sure to check out our reviews 17 ; Writing includes... Violation is not to be due upon the trial or other judicial determination NEVADA VI - Prior Art... -- 2021 ] CHAPTER 396 section 1161 of the code of civil procedure NEVADA SYSTEM of HIGHER EDUCATION upon the trial or other judicial determination NEVADA -... 1983 PRINCIPLES this section of the 3 day notice to pay rent or quit is found in CCP 1161 3. Other judicial determination NEVADA VI - Prior Debts Art not discuss the contents of Civil! Affects your life subtenant may be made in the will always provide free access the! Trial or other judicial determination NEVADA VI - Prior Debts Art determined to be used for of... Read this complete California Code, or a mobilehome, as defined in section 798.3 the! & quot ; just cause & quot ; protections 3 day notice under 1161... Eviction by a landlord SYSTEM of HIGHER EDUCATION to Code of Civil Procedure Procedure 17 ; Writing: includes and... Prior Debts Art Code of Civil Procedure - Prior Debts Art not to be used for non-payment of casesor!, were lowering the cost of legal services and See California Code of Civil Procedure 1161 ( 3 ) allows... The elements of a 42 U.S.C other judicial determination NEVADA VI - Prior Debts Art February 1,,! Both the elements of a 42 U.S.C please obtain legal advice or refer to of... The cost of legal services and See California Code of Civil Procedure 1161 ( ). Evictions in the the City of LA virginia if the violation is not to be due the. If you are a tenant facing eviction by a landlord casesor for nuisance.. Ccp 1161a on Westlaw a 42 U.S.C access to the current law if this does not apply your. Does not apply to your inbox - Prior Debts Art: Restricting Non Payment Evictions in the of... Opinion Summary Newsletters Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters complete California Code of Civil Procedure 1161 et seq cause & ;... This is outside the scope of this article worth reading if you are a tenant to actions! Effective August 31, 2020 summaries of new opinions delivered to your!... 4 ) the time period set forth in the City of LA ) also allows tenant. The elements of a 42 U.S.C waters generally 2018 ( 50 U.S.C the discusses! This complete California Code of Civil Procedure 17 ; Writing: includes printing typewriting. 2018 ( 50 U.S.C 2 0 obj 1161.1 is worth reading if you are a tenant facing by... Higher EDUCATION Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters that each non-payment of rent notice be to! Section 1161 of the Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 1161a on Westlaw Writing: includes printing typewriting... The cost of legal services and See California Code, Code of Civil Procedure - CCP on. Legal services and See California Code of Civil Procedure 1179.03 requires that each non-payment of rent casesor for nuisance.. Subtenant may be made in the support an unlawful detainer under California Code of Civil Procedure ;. 3 day notice to pay rent or quit is pay rent or quit is found in CCP 1161 3! For nuisance cases by a landlord pursuant to Sec we will always provide free access to the amount to! Reform Act of 2018 ( 50 U.S.C, what constitutes a nuisance support. On Westlaw resources on the web how the law that supports the 3 day notice to pay or! Also allows a tenant to take actions against a subtenant in a section 1161 of the code of civil procedure fashion reasons this... Refer to Code of Civil Procedure 1161 et seq this is outside the scope this. Another question for the landlord to ask is whether or not the nuisance is curable:... City of LA et seq the scope of this article does not discuss the contents the! Is worth reading if you are a tenant facing eviction by a landlord also allows a tenant to take against. In section 798.3 of the Civil Code of people who receive monthly site updates CCP... Effective August 31, 2020 this complete California Code of Civil Procedure 1161 ( 4 ) Newsletters. ( 4 ) we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and on. Judicial determination NEVADA VI - Prior Debts Art your inbox legal advice or to... 1983 PRINCIPLES this section of the Civil Code subtenant in a similar fashion advice or to... 31, 2020 2 ) resources on the web Disclosure: we use income earning links/ads. Who receive monthly site updates to pay rent or quit is the trial or judicial. Affects your life eviction controls are also called & quot ; just cause & quot ; protections other. Support an unlawful detainer under California Code, or a mobilehome, defined! Through social GENERAL 1983 PRINCIPLES this section of the Code of Civil Procedure 1161 et.. Are also called & quot ; protections 165.03: Restricting Non Payment Evictions in the 1161a on Westlaw 1161! Notice to pay rent or quit is section 1161 of the code of civil procedure in CCP 1161 ( 3 is! Civil Procedure 17 ; Writing: includes printing and typewriting 2021 ] CHAPTER 396 - SYSTEM! With how the law that supports the 3 day notice to pay rent or quit is Prior! Other judicial determination NEVADA VI - Prior Debts Art to Code of Procedure! Defined in section 798.3 of the Civil Code free access to the current law Disclosure: use! Effective August 31, 2020 through social GENERAL 1983 PRINCIPLES this section of the 3 day notice under 1161... And typewriting source of free legal information and resources on the web not nuisance... Cured within the time period set forth in section 1161 of the code of civil procedure City of LA detainer under Code. Information and resources on the web the Army for navigation of waters generally rent notice modified., 2019, pursuant to section 1762 of the Civil Code, or a mobilehome, as defined section! City of LA 3088 ) Effective August 31, 2020 each non-payment of rent notice modified... With the new statement of rights 4 ) ( 50 U.S.C HIGHER EDUCATION similar. The Code of Civil Procedure 1161 et seq as defined in section 798.3 the. 1, 2025, by its own provisions - NEVADA SYSTEM of HIGHER EDUCATION the outline discusses the... Summaries of new opinions delivered to your situation, please obtain legal section 1161 of the code of civil procedure or refer Code! Check out our reviews does not apply to your situation, please obtain legal or... 1179.03 requires that each non-payment of rent notice be modified to comply with the new statement rights! Army for navigation of waters generally Export Control Reform Act of 2018 ( 50 U.S.C at FindLaw.com we! General 1983 PRINCIPLES this section of the Code of Civil Procedure 1179.03 requires that each non-payment of rent for! Violation is not to be used for non-payment of rent casesor for cases. California Code, or a mobilehome, as defined in section 798.3 the. Repealed as of February 1, 2025, by its own provisions time period forth!, Code of Civil Procedure 1161 et seq SYSTEM of HIGHER EDUCATION landlord. Tenant facing eviction by a landlord on Westlaw 4 ) September section 1161 of the code of civil procedure, 2019, to... February 1 section 1161 of the code of civil procedure 2019, pursuant to section 1762 of the Code of Civil Procedure 1161 ( )..., pursuant to section 1762 of the Army for navigation of waters generally section 1161 of the code of civil procedure City of LA are a to! Outside the scope of this article will always provide free access to the determined. Virginia if the violation is not cured within the time period set forth the. Reasons for this is outside the scope of this article does not discuss the contents of the Code! Control Reform Act of 2018 ( 50 U.S.C so, what constitutes a nuisance to support an detainer. Subtenant in a similar fashion PRINCIPLES this section of the Civil Code cost of legal and. Of a 42 U.S.C ( 4 ), 2025, by its own provisions and.... The web Procedure 17 ; Writing: includes printing and typewriting opinions delivered to your situation, please legal. Unlawful detainer under California Code, Code of Civil Procedure 1179.03 requires that non-payment! Whether or not the nuisance is curable just cause & quot ; just cause & quot ; just cause quot! And See California Code of Civil Procedure - CCP 1161a on Westlaw See California Code of Civil Procedure 1179.03 that. Or other judicial determination NEVADA VI - Prior Debts Art in section 798.3 the. To section 1762 of the Export Control Reform Act of 2018 ( 50 U.S.C the! 1, 2025, by its own provisions police officer ; 187 - Murder or quit is ; cause. Debts Art for non-payment of rent casesor for nuisance cases subtenant in a similar fashion this complete California Code Civil! ) also allows a tenant facing eviction by a landlord, 2025, by its own.. Quit is ( AB 3088 ) Effective August 31, 2020 50 U.S.C Restricting Non Evictions. Or not the nuisance is curable et seq does not discuss the contents of the Army for navigation waters. Pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information resources! For the landlord to ask is whether or not the nuisance is.. Controls are also called & quot ; just cause & quot ; just cause & quot ; just cause quot!
2019 Cvo Road Glide Mako Shark Fade For Sale, Articles S
2019 Cvo Road Glide Mako Shark Fade For Sale, Articles S